biology

Here's my biology notes.

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The four biomolecules! :)

Name	Monomer	Polymer	Functions
Carbohydrate			Product of photosynthesis Structure for plants Source of energy for plants and animals Chemical energy storage
Fats and lipids			Long term energy storage as fats and oils Phosopholids are main components of cell membrane
Nucleic Acid			DNA+RNA Genetic Information
Proteins	Proteins have quatanery and ternary structures		Does nearly everything in the cell Catalyze reactions Provide structure Signal molecules Made up of amino acids Has 4 different type of structures Its shape determines what it does

4 types of protein structure

Structure Name	Information
Primary Structure	Line of amino acids Determines the final shape of the protein Different priamry structure corresponds to different proteins Final form of denatured proteins Polypepetide Chain
Secondary Structures	Alpha helices Beta-pleated sheets Some common shapes found in a nondenatured protein
Ternary Structures	3D shape of a primary structure A primary structure forms into ternary structure because some amino acids are hydrophilic while others are hydrophobic. Hydrophobic amino acids will try to be on the inside of the protein because they don't like water and cells are filled with water Hydrophilic amino acids will try to be on the outside because they like water
Quatanery Structures	Collection of ternary structures Most proteins are like this

Amino acids properties!

Amino acid

Monomers of proteins
Comprised of 3 groups
H-N-H is the Amino group
O=C-OH is the Carboxyl group
C in the middle is the central carbon
The H above the central carbon is always there and attached to the central carbon
The R is not an atom but a thing called the R-group
R-group determines the properties of the amino acid.

Central Dogma of Biology

DNA->RNA->Protein

DNA to RNA is called transcription.

RNA to proteins is called translation.

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