Translation

Transcription is the process of RNA being read and converted to a polypeptide chain of proteins. First, there are several major factors.

Factors	Function
Ribosome	Comprised of 2 subunits: large and small Builds the protein Provides a spot for the tRNA and mRNA to interact Performs enzyme dehydration synthesis Reads in three RNA nucleotides at once
tRNA	Shaped in a specific "T" structure Has an anticodon at the bottom tip Amino acid attached to upper half Translates an individual 3-letter codon in the mRNA
Release factor	A protein that tells the ribosome to stop translating
P-site and A-Site	Where the tRNAs come in

The smallest subunit of the ribosome attaches to the 5' cap
The large subunit then attaches to the small subunit which forms an entire ribosome
The ribosome moves along until it finds the AUG codon

A tRNA with an anticodon that matches the AUG codon flies into the A-Site
The ribosome takes the amino acid on the end of the tRNA and holds it
The first tRNA goes to the P-Site and the ribosome moves on to the next 3 RNA nucleotides
A tRNA with that anticodon goes into the A-Site
The ribosome takes the amino acid of the new tRNA and attaches it to the one it is holding
The AUG anticodon tRNA goes out of the ribosome to get a new amino acid
Meanwhile, the new tRNA that just came in goes to the P-site and the ribosome reads the next three RNA nucleotide
This eventaully creates a long chain of polypeptide which is the primary structure of a protein

After reading through the mRNA, the ribosome encounters a release factor
The release factor tells the ribosome to stop translating and pulling tRNAs (IMPORTANT NOTE: The release factor does not have an amino acid associated with it and thus does not get translated)
Both subunits of the ribosome falls off and goes to find another mRNA

And the the protein folds while the mRNA is broken down by enzymes and reused in the nucleus.

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